Let's delve into the intriguing world of architecture and the theory of parametricism, a concept that has sparked both fascination and controversy. In this article, we'll explore how this movement has influenced the industry, and why its impact may not be as straightforward as initially envisioned.
The Rise of Parametricism
Parametricism, a term coined by Patrik Schumacher, principal of Zaha Hadid Architects, in 2008, promised to revolutionize architecture. Schumacher boldly declared that this style, characterized by computational design and dramatic curves, would become the universal language of architecture in the 21st century. However, as time has passed, the reality seems to have taken a different turn.
A Style in Question
Despite Schumacher's conviction, architectural historian Mario Carpo highlights that parametricism is not well-received in the Western architectural community. In fact, it is "universally detested" in prestigious academic institutions. Carpo suggests that the style's close association with Schumacher, a controversial figure due to his political views, has hindered its adoption. Schumacher's branding of parametricism as his own, according to Carpo, has become a hindrance rather than a benefit.
Skepticism and Pluralism
Farshid Moussavi, one of the founders of Foreign Office Architects, designed what Schumacher considered the first major parametric building. Yet, Moussavi remains skeptical about parametricism becoming a universal style. She believes that any -ism implemented on a mass scale may not be beneficial, and that the architectural world has moved beyond embracing a single style. Today, we embrace a more plural understanding, allowing for diverse architectural approaches.
Tools vs. Theory
Martha Tsigkari, head of the applied research and development team at Foster + Partners, echoes this sentiment. She argues that parametricism has a fundamental problem of definition, describing a process rather than a coherent philosophy. Tsigkari believes that parametric tools, such as Rhino and Aurodesk Revit, which are now widely used in major architecture studios, should be distinguished from the style itself. These tools can create a wide range of architectural forms, not just the curved designs associated with parametricism.
Beyond Curves
Carpo further emphasizes that parametricism, in technical terms, does not generate a unique style. Any form, from a shoebox to a spline, can be described as parametric. Thus, the promised revolution seems more administrative than aesthetic.
Shifting Design Thinking
Despite the controversy, the influence of parametricism on contemporary architecture is undeniable. Oliver Wainwright, architecture and design critic for The Guardian, believes that parametric computation has become an integral part of architectural production, even if we don't always notice it. The legacy of parametricism, Wainwright suggests, lies not in its iconic curved landmarks, but in the shift it has brought to architectural design thinking and the widespread adoption of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology.
Final Thoughts
While parametricism may not have delivered on its promise of becoming the defining style of the century, its impact on the industry is undeniable. The movement has sparked important discussions about the role of technology, style, and intent in architecture. As we move forward, it's clear that architecture will continue to evolve, embracing a diverse range of approaches and styles, reflecting the complex and pluralistic nature of our world.
